plus with swap on the same LVM with /, you can encrypt the entire LVM and a laptop sleep is protected by the drive encryption. Additionally, changing RAM sizes with swap on an LVM means you can adjust the swap amount as needed.<br>
<br>swap notes: NEVER put swap on a raid5. If you must park swap on a RAID rig, mirrored partitions are OK. If swap gets hosed, the box crashes. The RAID5/6 writes for swap are performance killers. Swap will do it own striping so don't bother doing a raid10. multiple swap parts on multiple drive spindles is a good thing. Say 8G RAM and 4 1TB drives, set up a 4G swap on each of the drives.<br>
<br>I haven't dug in the kernel code itself, but supposedly, swap over 2G total size is not relevant. By the time it's being used the box is crawling anyway.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, May 31, 2011 at 2:28 PM, Lightner, Jeff <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:JLightner@water.com">JLightner@water.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
<div link="blue" vlink="blue" lang="EN-US">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">swapoff is used to disable a swap device
according to the man page. I haven’t used swapoff myself.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">After you’ve stopped the swap (or
prevented it from coming up) you can remove it as a swap device from the
partitioning (e.g. using fdisk or parted) and use the space for something
else. The simplest thing would be to use it to create a new filesystem. You
can extend the root partition but that takes some planning an effort because
you have to extend the filesystem and since it is root it gets a little more
involved.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">I have never heard anything that says swap
can’t be on a primary disk partition and am pretty sure I’ve done that in the
past. However, these days I typically setup only two primary partitions – one
for /boot and one for LVM then I make my filesystems and swap in the LVM volume
group. Partions have limitations that I don’t care for as opposed to LVM.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;">
<a href="mailto:ale-bounces@ale.org" target="_blank">ale-bounces@ale.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ale-bounces@ale.org" target="_blank">ale-bounces@ale.org</a>] <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>Narahari 'n' Savitha<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, May 31, 2011 2:07
PM<div><div></div><div class="h5"><br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Atlanta
Linux Enthusiasts<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [ale] who is eating
my drive</div></div></span></font></p>
</div><div><div></div><div class="h5">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hmm. Makes
sense. But I dont think you can make swap on the primary parition.
To make swap space you have to create extended and on that extended you setup
up swap.<br>
<br>
Thats my understanding may be (and obivously ) it is wrong.<br>
<br>
Not sure how to undo the swap space.<br>
<br>
I have 8GB of Memory allocated to this VMWare session.<br>
<br>
I may not need almost any swap at all.<br>
<br>
Can I reclaim all the swap as a regular drive ? If so how do I do that ?<br>
<br>
-Narahari</span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">On Tue, May 31, 2011 at 1:40 PM, Lightner,
Jeff <<a href="mailto:JLightner@water.com" target="_blank">JLightner@water.com</a>>
wrote:</span></font></p>
<div link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">It is showing you made /dev/sda2 your Extended partition of 8 GB
then used up all 8 GB in the sub-partition of the Extended partition as a SWAP
device (/dev/sda5). (By the way you don’t typically use Extended
partition until you run out of primaries – you could have made /dev/sda2 itself
the swap device.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Type “swapon –s” and you should see this device.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;"> <a href="mailto:ale-bounces@ale.org" target="_blank">ale-bounces@ale.org</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:ale-bounces@ale.org" target="_blank">ale-bounces@ale.org</a>]
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>Narahari 'n' Savitha<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, May 31, 2011 1:29
PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Atlanta
Linux Enthusiasts</span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;"><br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [ale] who is eating
my drive</span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Thanks for all
your time.</span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br>
<br>
Here is the output of the fdisk -l command<br>
<br>
devusr@devusr-virtual-machine:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda<br>
<br>
Disk /dev/sda: 22.5 GB, 22548578304 bytes<br>
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2741 cylinders<br>
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes<br>
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
Disk identifier: 0x00075d29<br>
<br>
Device Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System<br>
/dev/sda1
*
1 1698
13630464 83 Linux<br>
/dev/sda2
1698 2742
8386561 5 Extended<br>
/dev/sda5
1698 2742
8386560 82 Linux swap / Solaris<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
So what should I be looking here for ?<br>
<br>
-Narahari</span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">Proud partner. Susan G. Komen for the Cure.</span></font> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><font color="green" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green; font-style: italic;">Please
consider our environment before printing this e-mail or attachments.</span></font></i>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">----------------------------------<br>
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This e-mail may contain privileged or confidential
information and is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s). If you are
not the intended recipient, any disclosure, copying, distribution, or use of
the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have
received this electronic transmission in error, please reply immediately to the
sender that you have received the message in error, and delete it. Thank you.<br>
----------------------------------</span></font><font face="Courier New" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Courier New";"></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ale mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ale@ale.org" target="_blank">Ale@ale.org</a><br>
<a href="http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo/ale" target="_blank">http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo/ale</a><br>
See JOBS, ANNOUNCE and SCHOOLS lists at<br>
<a href="http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_blank">http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo</a></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font></p>
</div></div></div>
</div>
<br>_______________________________________________<br>
Ale mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ale@ale.org">Ale@ale.org</a><br>
<a href="http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo/ale" target="_blank">http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo/ale</a><br>
See JOBS, ANNOUNCE and SCHOOLS lists at<br>
<a href="http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_blank">http://mail.ale.org/mailman/listinfo</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>-- <br>James P. Kinney III<br><br>As long as the general population is passive, apathetic, diverted to
consumerism or hatred of the vulnerable, then the powerful can do as
they please, and those who survive will be left to contemplate the
outcome.<br>- <i><i><i><i>2011 Noam Chomsky</i></i></i></i><br>